Global pastor: In word and deed, pope preached mercy, outreach

By Cindy Wooden
VATICAN CITY – Pope Francis, who died April 21 at the age of 88, gave new energy to millions of Catholics – and caused concern for some – as he transformed the image of the papacy into a pastoral ministry based on personal encounters and strong convictions about poverty, mission and dialogue.

U.S. Cardinal Kevin J. Farrell, chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church, announced that Pope Francis had died at 7:35 a.m.

“His whole life was dedicated to the service of the Lord and his church,” Cardinal Farrell said in a video announcement broadcast from the chapel of the Domus Sanctae Marthae, where Pope Francis lived.
His gestures – from tenderly embracing the sick to repeatedly visiting prisoners – touched millions of hearts. But controversy raged over his denunciations of the excesses of unbridled capitalism, his warnings about the human contributions to climate change and his insistence on accompanying, not judging, gay people.

Newly elected Pope Francis, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina, waves after praying at the Basilica of St. Mary Major in Rome March 14, 2013. Pope Francis, formerly Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, died April 21, 2025, at age 88. (CNS photo/Alessandro Bianchi, Reuters)

With bronchitis and difficulty breathing, Pope Francis was admitted to Rome’s Gemelli hospital Feb. 14. He was diagnosed with double pneumonia and a complex infection. He had returned to the Vatican March 23 to continue his convalescence.

God’s mercy was a constant theme in Pope Francis’ preaching and was so central to his vision of what the church’s ministry must embody that he proclaimed an extraordinary Holy Year of Mercy for Dec. 8, 2015-Nov. 20, 2016.

Elected March 13, 2013, Pope Francis was the first pope in history to come from the Southern Hemisphere, the first non-European to be elected in almost 1,300 years and the first Jesuit to serve as successor to St. Peter.
In the first three years of his papacy, he published three major documents: “Evangelii Gaudium” (“The Joy of the Gospel”), a detailed vision of the program for his papacy and his vision for the church – particularly the church’s outreach and its response to challenges posed by secular culture; “Laudato Si’, on Care for Our Common Home,” on the environment; and “Amoris Laetitia” (“The Joy of Love”), his reflections on the discussions of the synods of bishops on the family in 2014 and 2015.
Holiness was the topic of his March 2018 apostolic exhortation, “Gaudete et Exsultate” (“Rejoice and Be Glad”) in which he insisted being holy is not boring or impossible, and that it grows through small, daily gestures and acts of loving kindness.

Following in the footsteps of his predecessors, Pope Francis was an untiring voice for peace, urging an end to armed conflict, supporting dialogue and encouraging reconciliation. The pope described Russia’s invasion of Ukraine as “madness” and called on the world’s bishops to join him in consecrating Ukraine and Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. When Hamas militants attacked communities in Israel, killing scores of people and taking more than 200 people hostage in late 2023, and Israel retaliated by attacking Gaza, Pope Francis made repeated appeals for the return of hostages, a ceasefire to deliver humanitarian aid, and a real commitment to a negotiated peace.

Promoting peace, solidarity and respect for the Earth, the pope insisted people needed to recognize each other as brothers and sisters and issued an encyclical about that, “Fratelli Tutti, on Fraternity and Social Friendship.” He signed the text at the tomb of St. Francis of Assisi on the saint’s feast day, Oct. 4, 2020.

Pope Francis spent much of the first nine years of his pontificate pursuing two ambitious projects: revitalizing the church’s efforts at evangelization – constantly urging outreach rather than a preoccupation with internal church affairs – and reforming the central administration of the Vatican, emphasizing its role of assisting bishops around the world rather than dictating policy to them.
On March 19, 2022, the ninth anniversary of the inauguration of his papacy, he finally promulgated “Praedicate Evangelium” (“Preach the Gospel”), his complete restructuring of the Roma Curia, highlighting its mission to serve the church’s evangelization efforts at all levels.

His simple lifestyle, which included his decision not to live in the Apostolic Palace and his choice of riding around Rome in a small Fiat or Ford instead of a Mercedes sedan, sent a message of austerity to Vatican officials and clergy throughout the church. He reinforced the message with frequent admonitions about the Gospel demands and evangelical witness of poverty and simplicity.

Although he repeatedly said he did not like to travel, he made 47 foreign trips, taking his message of Gospel joy to North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia.

Jorge Mario Bergoglio was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina’s capital city, Dec. 17, 1936. He earned a chemical technician’s diploma from his high school and entered the Jesuit novitiate in March 1958. After studying liberal arts in Santiago, Chile, he returned to Argentina and earned his licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio San Jose in San Miguel.

The hands of Pope Francis, holding a rosary, are seen as he lies at rest in his coffin in the chapel of his residence, the Domus Sanctae Marthae, at the Vatican April 21, 2025. (CNS photo/Vatican Media)

He was ordained a priest Dec. 13, 1969, and after his perpetual profession as a Jesuit in 1973, he became master of novices at the Seminary of Villa Barilari in San Miguel. Later that same year, he was appointed superior of the Jesuit province of Argentina, a role in which by his own account he proved a divisive figure because of an “authoritarian and quick manner of making decisions.”

In May 1992, Father Bergoglio was named an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires. He was appointed coadjutor archbishop five years later and became archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998; Pope John Paul II named him to the College of Cardinals in 2001.
As leader of an archdiocese with more than 2.5 million Catholics, Cardinal Bergoglio strove to be close to the people. He rode the bus, visited the poor, lived in a simple apartment and cooked his own meals.
His international reputation was enhanced by his work at the 2007 assembly of the Latin American bishops’ council, CELAM, and particularly by his role as head of the committee that drafted the gathering’s final document on reforming and reinvigorating the church’s evangelizing efforts on the continent.

Cardinal Bergoglio was a known and respected figure within the College of Cardinals, so much so that no one disputed a respected Italian journal’s report that he received the second-highest number of votes on all four ballots cast in the 2005 conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI.

Eight years later, Pope Benedict retired. At the cardinals’ meetings prior to the 2013 conclave to elect his successor, the need to reform the Vatican bureaucracy was a common theme of concern.

Addressing the gathering, Cardinal Bergoglio warned against “self-referentiality and a kind of theological narcissism” in the church and argued the next pope “must be a man who, from the contemplation and adoration of Jesus Christ, helps the church to go out to the existential peripheries” to spread the Gospel.
His election March 13 came on the second day of the conclave, on its fifth ballot. He chose the name Francis to honor St. Francis of Assisi, “the man of poverty, the man of peace, the man who loves and protects creation,” he said.

“Go out” was Pope Francis’ constant plea to every Catholic, from curial cardinals to the people in the pews. More than once, he told people that while the Bible presents Jesus as knocking at the door of people’s hearts to get in, today Jesus is knocking at the doors of parish churches trying to get out and among the people.

But he faced criticism for what many saw as a lack of consistency in dealing forcefully with the clerical sexual abuse crisis, especially when it came to holding bishops accountable for handling allegations and removing priests credibly accused of abuse.

And while his pontificate marked major progress in the Vatican’s attempts to reach an agreement with China’s communist government on the appointment of Catholic bishops, a provisional accord signed in September 2018, and renewed in 2020, 2022 and 2024, was denounced by critics as a betrayal of Catholics who risked their lives for refusing any cooperation with the communists.

Pope Francis smiles after celebrating the closing Mass of Italy’s National Eucharistic Congress at the municipal stadium in Matera, Italy, Sept. 25, 2022. The late pontiff, formerly Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, died April 21, 2025, at age 88. (CNS photo/Paul Haring)

Like his predecessors, Pope Francis was a strong defender of the sacredness of human life. Meeting Catholic physicians in November 2014, for example, he insisted that in “the light of faith and the light of correct reason, human life is always sacred and always of ‘quality.’ There is no human life that is more sacred than another” and no “human life qualitatively more significant than another.”

For Pope Francis, helping the defenseless also meant paying special attention to prisoners, victims of war and, particularly, Christians and other religious minorities persecuted for their faith.

When Islamic State forces and other terrorist groups began specifically targeting Christians and other religious minorities in Syria and Iraq, and later in North Africa, Pope Francis demanded the international community act.

He frequently cited figures that the number of Christian martyrs is greater today than in the first centuries of Christianity, and he insisted the international community cannot “look the other way.”

Briefs

Pope Francis meets briefly with U.S. Vice President JD Vance, and his translator, in the papal residence, the Domus Sanctae Marthae, at the Vatican April 20, 2025. Pope Francis, formerly Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, died April 21, 2025, at age 88. (CNS photo/Vatican Media)

NATION
WASHINGTON (OSV News) – President Donald Trump, officials in his administration, and other U.S. political leaders issued statements expressing condolences for Pope Francis after the pontiff’s death April 21 at age 88. “Rest in Peace Pope Francis!” Trump wrote on his social media platform Truth Social. “May God Bless him and all who loved him!” Trump also ordered flags be flown at half-staff in memory of Pope Francis at public buildings, military posts, naval stations and ships, and embassies. The pontiff’s death followed his stay in Rome’s Gemelli hospital earlier this year while he recovered from respiratory infections. The day before his death, Pope Francis gave his Easter blessing “urbi et orbi” (to the city of Rome and the world). He also held a meeting with U.S. Vice President JD Vance, a Catholic, who also shared his condolences over the social media platform X on April 21. Former President Joe Biden, the nation’s second Catholic president, said on X: “Pope Francis will be remembered as one of the most consequential leaders of our time and I am better for having known him.” Pope Francis made his first – and only – trip in his life to the United States in September 2015.

DENVER (OSV News) – Organizers of the 2025 National Eucharistic Pilgrimage announced April 10 that public events are posted and registration is open for stops along the Drexel Route. The route begins May 18 in Indianapolis and spans over 3,300 miles to Los Angeles, arriving June 22. Eight young adult “perpetual pilgrims” will accompany the Eucharist through 10 states, 20 dioceses, and four Eastern Catholic eparchies, with events centered on prayer, Eucharistic adoration, and hope and healing. Named for St. Katharine Drexel, the pilgrimage aligns with the church’s 2025 Jubilee Year of Hope and offers a plenary indulgence to participants. Stops include a Missouri school founded by St. Katharine Drexel, a Tulsa hospice and a Texas prison. Special events will also honor victims of national tragedies. Organizers are anticipating over 10,000 attendees at the concluding Corpus Christi celebration in Los Angeles. Registration is free but required for most events. “We’re excited about continuing to start the fire of evangelization and mission that’s been so much of the heart of the Eucharistic Revival, this encounter and mission,” said Bishop Andrew H. Cozzens of Crookston, Minnesota, chairman of National Eucharistic Congress Inc., which is based in Denver.

WORLD
LOURDES, France (OSV News) – A 72nd miracle has been confirmed at the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes in France, with the announcement bringing joy after a recitation of the rosary on the April 16 feast day of St. Bernadette Soubirous. The miracle involves Antonietta Raco, an Italian woman who suffered from Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS), a severe motor neuron disease. In 2009, during her pilgrimage to Lourdes, she experienced a miraculous healing after bathing in the waters of the sanctuary’s pools. Raco began moving independently, with symptoms of PLS disappearing entirely. Bishop Vincenzo Carmine Orofino of Tursi-Lagonegro officially declared the healing a miracle after extensive medical investigation. The International Medical Committee of Lourdes confirmed the healing as scientifically unexplained. This miracle comes just months after the 71st miracle, involving a British soldier from World War I. Lourdes, a site of pilgrimage for millions, has a rigorous process for recognizing miracles, and has over 7,000 reported cases of healing.

KYIV, Ukraine (OSV News) – Catholic and other religious leaders are condemning a Palm Sunday attack by Russia on a Ukrainian city that killed 34 – including two children – and injured 119. Two ballistic missiles launched by Russia earlier that same day struck the center of Sumy, a city in northeastern Ukraine located some 15 miles from the Russian border. “When we celebrate the feast of life, the enemy wishes to inflict its feast of death on us,” said Major Archbishop Sviatoslav Shevchuk, head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, in an April 13 statement. The Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations, the largest organization of religious leaders in Ukraine, also condemned the strikes, which took place amid both the Jewish holiday of Passover (April 12-20, 2025) and the Christian observance of Holy Week. Multiple world leaders also deplored the Palm Sunday attack. Ukraine President Voldymyr Zelenskyy called for a global response to the strikes, which followed a similar April 4 attack by Russia on a playground in his hometown of Kryvyi Rih. Nine children were among the 19 killed in that strike. “It is crucial that the world does not stay silent or indifferent,” said Zelenskyy in an April 13 post on X.cal Survey’s estimates. In neighboring Thailand, Bangkok city authorities said so far six people had been found dead, 26 injured and 47 were still missing, according to The Guardian. The tremor, followed by a 6.4 magnitude aftershock, caused buildings to collapse, including a historic bridge in the region. The earthquake’s impact was felt across neighboring countries, including Thailand and Bangladesh. Pope Francis expressed his sorrow, offering prayers for the victims and emergency responders in Myanmar and Thailand. Meanwhile, relief efforts are hindered by Myanmar’s ongoing civil war, with few resources reaching affected areas. Catholic churches in Mandalay and beyond were also damaged, with St. Michael’s Church among the hardest hit. In some regions, local communities are organizing relief efforts as state response remains limited.

MANAGUA, Nicaragua (OSV News) – In Nicaragua, Catholics celebrated Palm Sunday under intense government scrutiny, as police and paramilitaries surrounded Managua’s cathedral and restricted Holy Week activities to church grounds. The regime of Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo has banned public religious processions for the third straight year – allowing exceptions only for clergy aligned with the government. Cardinal Leopoldo Brenes of Managua led Mass inside the cathedral, focusing his homily on forgiveness despite the visible intimidation. Meanwhile, exiled Bishop Silvio Báez assured the faithful online that the government “cannot prevent the crucified one from revealing his victory” through acts of justice and solidarity. Church leaders report increasing harassment: clergy are monitored, muzzled, and even spied on during Mass. Some priests now avoid preaching altogether to evade arrest. Over 220 religious have been exiled or blocked from returning. Despite the crackdown, observers say the regime remains fearful of the church’s moral authority – and the enduring faith of the Nicaraguan people.

Briefs

NATION
INDIANAPOLIS (OSV News) – An investigation by the Archdiocese of Indianapolis into an alleged Eucharistic miracle at an Indiana parish has indicated that “natural, not miraculous causes” resulted in a host displaying a red discoloration, the archdiocese said in a March 24 statement sent to OSV News. “A biochemical analysis of a host from St. Anthony Catholic Church in Morris, Ind., that was displaying red discoloration revealed the presence of a common bacteria found on all humans,” the statement said. “No presence of human blood was discovered.” The March 24 statement confirmed that the host had “fallen out of a Mass kit used at the parish, and when it was discovered, red spots were present. Following policy established by the Holy See, the host was submitted for professional, biochemical analysis at a local laboratory,” it said. “The results indicate the presence of fungus and three different species of bacteria, all of which are commonly found on human hands.” Catholics believe that upon their consecration at Mass, bread and wine become Jesus Christ – body, blood, soul and divinity – while still retaining the appearances of bread and wine. The church conducts scientific investigations into alleged miraculous changes to the appearances of the Eucharist, such as manifesting as truly blood and human tissue. The archdiocese’s March 24 statement added, “Throughout the history of the Catholic Church, there have been well-documented miracles and apparitions, and each has been thoroughly and carefully reviewed.”

MEMPHIS, Tenn. (OSV News) – A 30-year-old man believed to be homeless was arrested and charged with the commission of an act of terrorism following a threat he allegedly emailed to a music minister at St. Louis Catholic Church in Memphis, Tennessee, claiming he wanted to “butcher” people in the church with a machete. Zachary Liberto is currently being held at the Shelby County Jail on a $200,100 bond. A hearing date is pending. In Tennessee, the crime is a Class A felony and a conviction can result in a prison sentence of 15 to 60 years. On March 20, Memphis police said Liberto had been in “a verbal altercation” at the church with a music minister that involved Liberto allegedly throwing trash into the baptismal font. The criminal charge stems from an email Liberto allegedly sent later. It stated, “I need a video of (one of the pastors) getting slapped by you in 24 hours before I butcher people in that church with a machete.” Rick Ouellette, a spokesperson with the Diocese of Memphis, said the incident occurred “after school and work hours.” He added that St. Louis “has a solid safety and security plan in place, as do our 46 parishes and 13 schools in West Tennessee.”

VATICAN
VATICAN CITY (CNS) – The number of Catholics and permanent deacons in the world rose in 2023, while the number of seminarians, priests, men and women in religious orders, and baptisms all declined, according to Vatican statistics. However, the Vatican’s Statistical Yearbook of the Church said, 9.1 million people received their first Communion in 2023, up from 8.68 million people the previous year, and almost 7.7 million people were confirmed, up from 7.4 million people in 2022. At the end of 2023, the number of Catholics in the world reached 1.405 billion, up 1.15% from 1.389 billion Catholics at the end of 2022, according to the Vatican’s Central Office of Church Statistics, which publishes the yearbook. The Vatican published its statistical yearbook offering data “on the life and activity of the church in the world in 2023” at the end of March. Catholics represented about 17.8% of the global population at the end of 2023, it said. The highest proportion is in the Americas with 64.2% of its population being baptized Catholic. Europe follows with 39.6% and Oceania with 25.9%. In Africa, 19.8% of the population is Catholic and the lowest proportion of Catholics by continent is Asia with 3.3%. While the number of Catholics is increasing, the administration of the sacrament of baptism has continued to decrease worldwide, according to the yearbook.

VATICAN CITY (CNS) –As Pope Francis continues his convalescence, the Vatican published a full calendar of Holy Week and Easter liturgies with no indication of who would preside or be the main celebrant. The list of Masses and other liturgies, released by the master of papal liturgical ceremonies March 27, said only that the services would be celebrated by the “Pontifical Chapel,” which includes the pope, the cardinals residing in Rome and top Vatican officials. Asked about Pope Francis’ role in the celebrations, the Vatican press office responded that “it will be necessary to see the improvements in the pope’s health in the coming weeks to assess his possible presence, and on what terms, at the rites of Holy Week.”

People stand near the site of a collapsed building in Bangkok, Thailand, March 28, 2025, that collapsed after a strong earthquake struck central Myanmar, earthquake monitoring services said. The 7.7 magnitude quake rocked Myanmar and neighboring Thailand, killing at least 150 people and injuring more than 700. It destroyed buildings, a bridge and a dam and left hundreds missing. (OSV News photo/Ann Wang, Reuters)

WORLD
KINSHASA, Congo (OSV News) – Catholic religious sisters in Congo have become the latest victims of violence as the country grapples with ongoing conflict tied to mineral resources. On March 18, the Missionary Sisters of Santo Domingo in Kinshasa was targeted by attackers who broke into the congregation’s residence, stealing money, phones and computers. The attack highlights the growing dangers faced by religious groups in Congo, where poverty and perceptions of wealth make church leaders prime targets. Cardinal Fridolin Ambongo Besungu of Kinshasa condemned the attack and urged religious communities to stay vigilant while remaining hopeful. This incident follows a string of similar attacks on women religious, including kidnappings and murders. The violence coincides with rising tensions in the east, where M23, or Movement 23, rebels are making gains. The Catholic and Protestant churches have been engaged in shuttle diplomacy, promoting peace efforts despite growing opposition from the government. Church leaders, including Msgr. Donatien Nshole Babula, secretary general of Congo’s bishops’ conference, face increasing backlash for their peace efforts.

MANDALAY, Myanmar (OSV News) – A powerful 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar’s Mandalay-Sagaing region March 28, causing widespread destruction and a rising death toll. As of March 29, at least 1,000 people had died in Myanmar, with hundreds more missing. The death toll may surpass 10,000 according to U.S. Geological Survey’s estimates. In neighboring Thailand, Bangkok city authorities said so far six people had been found dead, 26 injured and 47 were still missing, according to The Guardian. The tremor, followed by a 6.4 magnitude aftershock, caused buildings to collapse, including a historic bridge in the region. The earthquake’s impact was felt across neighboring countries, including Thailand and Bangladesh. Pope Francis expressed his sorrow, offering prayers for the victims and emergency responders in Myanmar and Thailand. Meanwhile, relief efforts are hindered by Myanmar’s ongoing civil war, with few resources reaching affected areas. Catholic churches in Mandalay and beyond were also damaged, with St. Michael’s Church among the hardest hit. In some regions, local communities are organizing relief efforts as state response remains limited.

How did St. John Chrysostom become the Easter saint?

By Mike Aquilina

No saint (outside the Bible) is more associated with the festival of Easter than St. John Chrysostom.

On Easter morning, every church that uses the Byzantine liturgy — whether the church is Catholic or Orthodox — proclaims aloud a “paschal sermon” attributed to John. Amid the sermon is a series of statements beginning with “Christ is risen!” — to each of which the congregation responds, “Truly he is risen!”

Throughout the feast, Eastern Christians greet one another with those two lines.

The brief sermon that contains them is beautiful, exuberant and poetic, in keeping with the celebration.

It is announced as the work of John, and it is the best-known work that bears his name. And John is often described as the most brilliant preacher in Christian history.

The problem is he probably didn’t write the paschal sermon. Scholars who have devoted their lives to the study of Chrysostom are almost unanimous in this judgment. It is certainly ancient, but it seems to have been preserved anonymously at first and then, centuries later, filed as a fragment among Chrysostom’s papers — simply because it was a sermon worthy of his genius.

Nevertheless, Chrysostom surely merited his association with Easter. He deserves to be the Easter saint — though not for the reasons he is actually celebrated as such.

His ministry was neatly bookended by two Easter liturgies, the first in A.D. 387 and the last in 404. And the arc in between those days has a paschal shape. They trace the course from his own Palm Sunday to his personal, sorrowful Good Friday.

John was born around 349 and raised by his devout mother, who was widowed shortly after the birth of her only child. His father had left enough of a legacy to ensure that his son received the best education available in Antioch. In his youth, John was trained by Libanius, an advisor to emperors and the greatest living rhetorician. Years later, Libanius was reported to have named John as the student most qualified to be his successor as a celebrity in the field of rhetoric.

But John didn’t want a career. He wanted to be alone with God. So he went off to live with the hermits on nearby Mount Silpius. There he prayerfully read the Scriptures all day, committing them to memory, and then continued to study them through the night, reading by firelight with his arms outstretched to ward off sleep. In doing this, however, he destroyed his health and had to return to the city.

The local bishop saw the opportunity providence had handed him and soon ordained John to the diaconate and then the priesthood. John’s special assignment was preaching from the cathedral in Antioch, one of the most prestigious pulpits in the world.

In ordinary times, Antioch was a city and a church to be watched — a trendsetter, and a world leader in business and culture. But John’s tenure in the cathedral was anything but ordinary. He found himself immediately amid a social crisis, chaotic and life-threatening, with all the citizens of Antioch — Christians, pagans and Jews — looking to John and keen to have his wisdom and guidance.

The world, it seemed, was watching John, and he didn’t disappoint.

The crisis was most grave. The emperor Theodosius, ruling in distant Constantinople, levied new and heavy taxes that would affect everyone in Antioch. People took to the streets in protest, and the demonstration soon erupted into a riot. Impelled by rage, a few men rushed to the city center and pulled down statues of the emperor Theodosius and his whole family. The rabble cheered and then dragged the statues around the city, mocking them and damaging them.

It was an act of treason, punishable by death. In law, the emperor’s statue was the same as his person. To attack his statue was to attack the man. When citizens rioted, moreover, the whole city could be held responsible for the actions of a few. The emperor would be within his rights to order a massacre. Indeed, the quick-tempered Theodosius would do just that, a few years later, when he had 7,000 Thessalonians summoned to the theater and then slaughtered in their seats.

Dragging the statues had seemed like a fun idea at the time. But, the morning after, the people of Antioch saw clearly that their doom was inevitable. The only question was when retribution would come to their city.

Soldiers began to round up suspects and torture them. Some were executed. The wealthy fled town.

The only citizens who remained were those who were too poor or feeble to leave, those who had nowhere to go or those whose family members were imprisoned.

This remnant thronged to the cathedral. Everyone, regardless of religion, knew that the new preacher there, John, owned the only voice capable of making sense of their predicament.

He preached a series of sermons to them. In the second, he paints a vivid picture of Antioch: “Once there was nothing happier than our city; there is nothing sadder than what it has become now. … Our city has become ‘like an oak whose leaf withers’ (Is 1:30). … The help from above has forsaken her, and she stands desolate, stripped of almost all her inhabitants.”

Having acknowledged the pain of his people. He consoled them, but he also led them to see the gravity of their sins and vices — their lack of self-control, which had caused this crisis and brought down the wrath of God in the displeasure of the emperor.

Nevertheless, he explained that God is merciful, and so the people had reason to hope. John’s rhetoric amplified the moods of Antioch at all their extremes. Many unbelievers, we are told, came to faith from his preaching.

While John was in the pulpit, the elderly bishop of Antioch, Flavian, made a hasty trip to the capital to plead with the emperor on the city’s behalf. The journey was more than a thousand miles each way. John preached on, dazzling day by day.

Word from Flavian arrived just in time for John to proclaim from the pulpit on Easter Sunday: The emperor had relented. The city would be spared.

John’s final sermon in the series was exuberant — with the joy of Easter and the giddiness of the sudden assurance of survival.

It was nonetheless nuanced, and John implored his people to retain the lessons they had learned in adversity: “You decorated the market with garlands. You put lights out everywhere. You spread greenery in front of the shops. You celebrated as if it were the city’s birthday! Now do this in a different way for the rest of time. Crown yourselves with virtue instead of flowers. Light up your souls with good works. Rejoice with a spiritual gladness. And let us never fail to give thanks to God constantly for all these things — not only that he has freed us from these calamities, but also that he allowed them to happen.”

These were the sermons that made young John justly famous. They earned him the nickname “Golden Mouth,” which in Greek is “Chrysostomos.” The sermons circulated in transcriptions and soon were translated into Latin. They even reached the emperor and his court, making a deep impression.

In the ancient Church, it was the misfortune of great preachers to attract attention in seats of power. Inevitably, in 397, John was summoned to the capital, which was an adder’s nest of intrigue, cliquishness and envy.

This is a stained-glass window depicting St. John Chrysostom at Ely Cathedral in England. (OSV News photo/The Crosiers)

He was loathed by churchmen who had been passed over for the job. They schemed to bring John down — by kangaroo councils and backdoor deals with well-placed bureaucrats. And they succeeded.

The emperor ordered John to relinquish all priestly duties and cease celebrating the liturgy. John refused. The emperor ordered all the churches in the capital to bar John’s entry.

But John pressed on through Lent and Holy Week. He made plans to conduct the season’s customary baptisms in the public baths on the Easter Vigil.

That night, the rites were interrupted by a sudden military intervention. Witnesses said the baptismal waters ran red with the blood of the new Christians. Soldiers drove the congregation away and arrested John.

In 404, he was exiled to Armenia, but his devoted people — from Antioch and Constantinople — made a pilgrimage there to see him. Furious, the emperor sent John to a more remote and wretched place. He was forced to make the journey on foot. He died on the way in September of 407.

John’s final witness rang out as eloquently as his words ever had. His death was widely seen as a stain on the imperial household. When his relics were returned to the capital in 438, the emperor Theodosius II, heir to the monarch who had condemned John, humbled himself before the saint’s casket and begged forgiveness.

John had known the praise of Palm Sunday and the desolation of Good Friday.

His Easter glory continues in our own time, as his words of his “Golden Mouth” still resound and inspire.

(Mike Aquilina is the award-winning author of more than 50 books on Catholic history, doctrine and devotion. He has hosted 11 television series and several documentary films.)

Vatican statistics: Baptisms down, but first Communions, confirmations up

By Carol Glatz

VATICAN CITY (CNS) — The number of Catholics and permanent deacons in the world rose in 2023, while the number of seminarians, priests, men and women in religious orders, and baptisms all declined, according to Vatican statistics.

However, the Vatican’s Statistical Yearbook of the Church said, 9.1 million people received their first Communion in 2023, up from 8.68 million people the previous year, and almost 7.7 million people were confirmed, up from 7.4 million people in 2022.

At the end of 2023, the number of Catholics in the world reached 1.405 billion, up 1.15% from 1.389 billion Catholics at the end of 2022, according to the Vatican’s Central Office of Church Statistics, which publishes the yearbook.

This came despite a smaller growth rate in the world’s population, which, for that period was 0.88%. According to the United Nations’ Demographic Yearbook, the estimated mid-year world population for 2023 was approximately 8.045 billion.

Pope Francis baptizes a baby during Mass in the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican Jan. 7, 2024, the feast of the Baptism of the Lord. (CNS photo/Vatican Media)

The Vatican published its statistical yearbook offering data “on the life and activity of the church in the world in 2023” at the end of March.

The yearbook cautioned that its numbers were based on the information it received back from its surveys and that of 3,188 dioceses and other jurisdictions about 140 did not send information.

The number of Catholics “does not include those in countries that because of their present situation have not been included in the survey,” it said, adding that it estimated that number to be about an additional 5 million Catholics. Mainland China and North Korea, for example, had no data in the yearbook.

The percentage of Catholics as part of the global and continental populations remained about the same as in 2022. Catholics represented about 17.8% of the global population at the end of 2023, it said. The highest proportion is in the Americas with 64.2% of its population being baptized Catholic. Europe follows with 39.6% and Oceania with 25.9%. In Africa, 19.8% of the population is Catholic and the lowest proportion of Catholics by continent is Asia with 3.3%.

While the number of Catholics is increasing, the administration of the sacrament of baptism has continued to decrease worldwide, according to the yearbook. It fell from 17,932,891 baptisms administered in 1998 to 13,327,037 in 2022 and 13,150,780 in 2023. A peak was reported during the Holy Year 2000 when 18,408,076 baptisms were administered worldwide.

The yearbook said the “general downward trend in the relative number of baptisms” has been “following closely the trend in the birthrate in most countries.”

It said the ratio of infant baptisms to the Catholic population is of “great significance” because it notes differences between one country and another. While the world average is 7.4 infant baptisms per 1,000 Catholics, the highest ratios are in American Samoa (71.2), several islands in Oceania (37.7 to 21.8), followed by Burundi (23.6), Cambodia (22.3), Timor Leste (20.3) and Myanmar (20.1). The lowest ratios are in Armenia, Georgia, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iran, Tunisia and Algeria (below 1) followed by Russia and Djibouti (1.1).

The total number of adult baptisms registered in 2023 was 2,696,521, which is about 20% of the total number of baptisms. The highest proportion of adult baptisms is in Africa (35.9%) and the lowest is in Europe and the Middle East.

The Catholic Church had 5,430 bishops at the end of 2023, an increase of 77 bishops from 2022. The majority of them are serving in the Americas and Europe.

The total number of diocesan and religious order priests decreased by 734 men to a total of 406,996, the Vatican office said. The only significant increase in the number of diocesan and religious order priests was in Africa and Asia, which was not enough to offset the declines in the Americas and Europe.

While the number of religious-order priests had increased by 297 men in 2022, the number went down to 128,254 in 2023, about what it had been in 2021. The number of diocesan priests continued to decrease globally with 278,742 men at the end of 2023.

The yearbook also offered a chart tracking the overall change to the number of diocesan clergy from 2013 to 2023 by calculating how many of those already serving were newly ordained, minus those who died and those who left the priesthood. It showed there was modest growth from 2013 to 2016 (0.31% to 0.05%) followed by a negative rate starting in 2017 that peaked in 2020 during the pandemic (-0.73%). The rate was recorded at -0.45% in 2021 and -0.12% in 2022.

The number of Catholics per priest increased slightly to 3,453 from 3,408 Catholics per priest in 2022.

The total number of religious brothers continued to decrease in 2023 from 49,414 to 48,748 and the total number of religious women, it said, was down to 589,423 from 599,228 at the end of 2022 — a decrease of 9,805 women or 1.64%.

The number of permanent deacons continued to increase. There were 51,433 permanent deacons at the end of 2023 — a 2.54% increase over the previous year, with the highest numbers being in the Americas.

The number of seminarians continued to decrease globally with a 1.67% average rate of decline from 2018 to 2023. There were 106,495 seminarians at the end of 2023 with the only growth — 383 men — being in Africa.

The number of Catholic weddings celebrated around the world in 2023 was down from 1.97 million in 2022 to 1.85 million; of those, about 10.3% involved a Catholic marrying a non-Catholic.

Briefs

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy posts on X March 14, 2025, about a conversation he had with Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Vatican secretary of state. (CNS photo/screen grab from X)

NATION
TOPEKA, Kan. (OSV News) – A Satanic group’s plans for a “black mass” in the Kansas Statehouse on March 28 are sparking widespread outrage among Catholics. The Kansas Catholic Conference condemned the event as a “sacrilegious” display of “anti-Catholic bigotry” and an insult to people of goodwill. Benedictine College in Atchison is dedicating its March weekly Holy Hours, rosaries and Memorare prayers “to the intention of the conversion of those involved in the sacrilegious event and that faith will grow in Kansas.” Democratic Gov. Laura Kelly announced March 12 that she was not planning to stop the event and it could still be held outdoors but not inside the Capitol. Despite this, Michael Stewart, founder of the Kansas-based Satanic Grotto, has vowed to defy the ban. In a March 13 statement, Chuck Weber, executive director of the Kansas Catholic Conference criticized Kelly’s response, saying it “reeks of condescension and a willful ignorance about what is scheduled to happen.”

WASHINGTON (OSV News) – The 2021 American Rescue Plan brought a major victory for families, lifting 3.7 million U.S. children out of poverty by increasing the federal child tax credit and making it fully refundable. For the first time, even families with little or no income could access the credit, benefitting millions, especially in minority communities. The maximum credit was raised to $3,600 for children under 6 and $3,000 for kids aged 6 to 17, with no cap for multiple children. The program had a measurable impact, reducing child poverty to 5.2%. However, this boost expired, and the existing credit of $2,000 per qualifying child is set to halve after 2025. States may offer a lifeline with their own child tax credits – currently, 16 states and the District of Columbia have such programs. As federal support wanes, some states are stepping in with their own solutions, which is “a huge policy shift (and) really an area to watch,” said Megan Curran, policy director at Columbia University’s Center on Poverty and Social Policy, in New York City. There are also indications that child tax credits are a pro-life asset, with Josh McCabe, director of Social Policy at the Niskanen Center in Washington pointing to research supporting the view they “can tilt the scales toward having the child” for some on the margins.

VATICAN
VATICAN CITY (CNS) – As the United States continues to attempt to broker a ceasefire deal between Russia and Ukraine, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said he spoke with the Vatican secretary of state. In a long post on X March 14, the Ukrainian leader said that during the conversation with Cardinal Pietro Parolin, “I wished Pope Francis a speedy recovery and thanked him for his prayers and moral support for our people, as well as for his efforts in facilitating the return of Ukrainian children illegally deported and displaced by Russia. The Holy See has received a list of Ukrainians being held in Russian prisons and camps. We are counting on support for their release,” the president posted. The Vatican released no information on the call.

ROME (OSV News) – As Pope Francis marks the 12th anniversary of his election while recovering in the hospital, his biographer, Austen Ivereigh, reflected on the pope’s enduring witness. Ivereigh compared Francis’ leadership to that of St. John Paul II, highlighting his dedication to the papacy even in frailty, including the willingness to serve while wheelchair-bound. Despite ongoing health concerns, Francis continues to embody humility and docility, focusing on mission over personal comfort, his biographer highlighted. Ivereigh, author of “The Great Reformer” and “Wounded Shepherd,” recently wrote “First Belong to God,” which guides believers to place Christ at the center of their lives and is based in part on Father Jorge Mario Bergoglio’s past retreats. Addressing criticism of documents such as “Amoris Laetitia” and “Fiducia Supplicans,” Ivereigh underscored Francis’ pastoral approach to complex issues, emphasizing mercy and the importance of walking with those in difficult situations. Looking ahead, he noted Francis’ unique leadership, fostering a culture of discernment and humility within the church, rather than triumphalism.

WORLD
MEXICO CITY (OSV News) – The Mexican bishops’ conference condemned the discovery of an extermination camp operated by the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, calling it “one of the cruelest expressions of evil and human misery.” The camp, found by a group of people searching for their missing relatives in Teuchitlán, included cremation ovens, bone fragments, and over 200 pairs of shoes. The bishops expressed concern that similar sites exist across Mexico, violating the dignity of the human person. The discovery highlights the ongoing crisis of over 120,000 missing persons in the country, a tragedy fueled by cartel violence and government inaction. The bishops praised the families, particularly the “Madres Buscadoras,” for their efforts to uncover the truth despite facing danger and indifference from authorities. They criticized President Claudia Sheinbaum’s claims of a drop in homicides, pointing out a 40% increase in disappearances. At a press conference, Cardinal Francisco Robles Ortega of Guadalajara questioned why local authorities failed to properly inspect the area. Sheinbaum responded to the bishops’ statement March 13 during a press conference, saying, “They don’t have the correct information, the episcopal conference.” She continued, “There’s this idea that there are more disappearances than homicides. That’s not true.”

SAN SALVADOR (OSV News) – Catholic sisters in El Salvador are leading the charge against a new law allowing metal mining in the country, supporting the church’s “Yes to Life, No to Mining” campaign. The law, passed in December 2024, permits exploration and extraction of gold and other minerals like lithium, despite a 2017 ban. The church, inspired by Pope Francis and St. Francis of Assisi, has urged unity in opposing the law, which critics argue threatens the environment and human health. On Feb. 7, Catholic groups, including the Conference of Religious of El Salvador, organized fasting, prayers, and signature collection to present to lawmakers. The bishops, along with local activists, have rallied against mining, citing risks to water sources and public health. President Nayib Bukele supports mining for economic reasons, but Catholics argue it threatens the poor and the environment. Despite threats and political persecution, the church remains resolute in its opposition, calling for a united effort to protect El Salvador’s natural resources. Natividad Chicas Rivera, a Catholic from Osicala, El Salvador, told Global Sisters Report that all Salvadorans will be left with from mining is pollution.

St. Patrick: Do you know the myth or the man?

By D.D. Emmons
(OSV News) – Few annual events are more universally anticipated and celebrated than St. Patrick’s Day. It seems that no place or people on earth are immune from the activities, the frivolities, the food and drink that take place every March 17.

The day is so highly regarded that during the season of Lent, if St. Patrick’s Day falls on a Friday (which happens about every six years) Catholic bishops in many dioceses lift the law mandating abstinence from meat on that day. Catholics who accept the dispensation are asked to perform some other penitential practice or, in some locales, abstain from meat on another day near that Friday.

Surprisingly, given the popularity and influence of the day, many revelers know little about St. Patrick the man. They might be surprised to learn that he never drank green beer (not even a Guinness), never ate corned beef and cabbage, never drove snakes out of Ireland and had no leprechaun friends. The majority of St. Patrick’s Day customs, myths and fables have been perpetuated and instituted over a period of 16 centuries.

St. Patrick, patron of Ireland, is depicted in a stained-glass window at St. John of God Church in Central Islip, N.Y. in this undated file photo. (OSV News photo/Gregory A. Shemitz)

Stripping away the widespread secular activities, we discover a holy person – a saint – who spent more than 30 years successfully proclaiming the Gospel message, the gift of faith to the people of Ireland. Prayerfully recalling and recognizing his life as God’s chosen missionary is how to uncover the true spirit of St. Patrick.

Born in the late fourth century in the area now known as Scotland, Patrick was raised as a Christian but gave little notice to his religion. At age 16 he was kidnapped and carried off to Ireland, where he was sold as a slave to a landowner. For the next six years he tended the owner’s flocks. This was a lonely job, with days and nights spent out on the countryside in solitude, in all sorts of weather. It was during this isolation that he experienced an overwhelming spiritual renewal. According to his own words, he began praying almost constantly, and his indifference toward God turned to adulation and love.

When Patrick was 22 he had a dream that he was meant to escape from his captivity and return to his homeland. Believing this was a heavenly message, he spent some 20 days walking 200 miles to the sea, where he was able to find transportation on a ship to Gaul (France). God, in his surprising, unpredictable ways, was calling this unknown youth to holiness, to sainthood, to become the apostle to Ireland.

Eventually returning to his family, Patrick soon would experience another vision or dream. He claimed during the dream to have heard the voice of the Irish, “We beg you, holy youth, that you shall come and walk again amongst us.” Patrick discerned that he was destined to return to Ireland and bring the Gospel to a people unaware of Jesus Christ. It would be 20 years before he could fulfill this dream.

Divinely inspired, Patrick sought to be ordained as a priest, but facts about these years of his life differ among writers. The saint tells us that on his way to becoming a bishop, at one time he was rejected by other bishops based on a “sin” or incident that occurred early in his life. He overcame this setback but was confronted by those who questioned his reason for wanting to return to Ireland. People thought he was demented to choose to go back to a place where he had been held as a slave – a place considered the end of the known earth and populated by barbarians.

As anxious as he was to return to Ireland, Patrick wanted no favors or shortcuts in his rise to the episcopate. He knew that his assignment as a missionary would come from the bishop he served in concert with the pope and, thus, he readied himself as best he could.

Even before Patrick began his mission, parts of Ireland had been exposed to Christianity.

Mariners and traders from countries converted to Christianity often visited Ireland; there also were other Christian slaves in the manner of Patrick. These groups widely were scattered, and in 431 Pope St. Celestine I (r. 422-32) sent Bishop Palladius to shepherd and organize the dispersed Christians. The mission of Palladius was short-lived, and within a year he either died or returned to Europe.

Now was Patrick’s opportunity. In 432, St. Germanus of Auxerre, a bishop, oversaw Patrick’s elevation to bishop and sent him (along with several assistants) to Ireland. The saint’s objective was to minister to the Christians in Ireland and evangelize to a people dismissed as heathens by most of the world.

Jesus said to his apostles: “Behold, I am sending you like sheep in the midst of wolves; so be shrewd as serpents and simple as doves.’” (Mt 10:16) This was Patrick’s strategy throughout his ministry. He did not seek to change the culture of the people he wanted to convert; instead, he shrewdly and simply introduced Christianity in a way that made it take root and flourish in their pagan society. While the soil was fertile, sowing the Good Seed in this vast land was not without trial.

In fifth-century Ireland the population lived in thousands of tribal communities, or clans, throughout the country. Cities and city life were virtually nonexistent. Each tribe was ruled by a king; everyone lived off the land, was beholden to the king, and few had ever heard the name Jesus Christ.

They were idol worshippers with many gods, like the Romans during the time of Christ. Patrick and his group would seek out the tribal leader or king and, using bribery if necessary, try to evangelize the king and obtain permission to preach to the people.

Patrick knew the language from his years as a slave and had some knowledge of the culture; however, these people worshipped many different gods, and convincing them to worship the one true God and embrace the Way, the Truth and the Life was challenging. Besides getting approval to preach to the people, Patrick would ask the king for land on which to build a church. In each location, Patrick ordained individuals to carry on his work.

Walking into a tribe and seeking an audience with the king was not without peril. Patrick and his group were captured more than once, but thanks to the Holy Spirit, they were never harmed.

While Patrick did not attack the culture of these people, he made no such exception for the Druid priests. Druids were an ancient Irish society steeped in mystical beliefs fostered by evil priests promoting the ideas of reincarnation and human sacrifices. These priests had great influence among certain tribes, and Patrick often came face to face with this evil. Divine intervention was on Patrick’s side during these confrontations, and the Druids’ magic and superstitions were repeatedly refuted by the power of the Gospel as witnessed by Patrick. Legend holds that the shamrock was a sacred plant of the Druids, and Patrick used it to explain the Trinity.

Historians estimate that during Patrick’s mission thousands of people were baptized, some 300 bishops ordained and hundreds of churches erected throughout Ireland. Because of his zeal, passion for Christ and commitment to his missionary calling, an entire nation became Christian.

According to the 1905 biography on St. Patrick by John B. Bury, “He organized the Christianity that already existed; he converted kingdoms which were still pagan, especially in the West; and he brought Ireland into connexion with the Church of the Empire, and made it formally part of the universal Christendom.”

Patrick died in 461 and was made a “local” saint in the seventh century. At that time there was no church-institutionalized canonization process, and people were called saints in local communities or states based on popular acclaim.

Certainly Patrick was deserving of sainthood, and in the 17th century his national feast day was added to the annual Catholic liturgical calendar. Besides Ireland, St. Patrick is the patron saint of Nigeria and of many dioceses and churches around the world.

(D.D. Emmons writes from Pennsylvania.)

Briefs

NATION
INDIANAPOLIS (OSV News) – The Archdiocese of Indianapolis is investigating a possible Eucharistic miracle at St. Anthony of Padua Church in Morris, Indiana, following an incident in late February. The archdiocesan Office of Communications confirmed the investigation aided by a professional scientific lab, but declined further comment. According to social media posts by the Catholic group Corpus Christi for Unity and Peace, a woman reported seeing blood on two consecrated hosts that had fallen on the floor. After being placed in water to dissolve, the next day, the hosts appeared to have a thin layer of skin with blood on it, according to the woman’s claims. Photos of the hosts, taken by the woman, were shared online. Father Terry Donahue, a scientific expert on Eucharistic miracles, explained that new Vatican guidelines require the local bishop to notify the Holy See and national episcopal conference at the beginning of an investigation and to ensure the specimens are carefully preserved for further examination.

A resident is seen at a site of an apartment building in Odesa, Ukraine, March 4, 2025, hit by a Russian drone strike, amid Russia’s attack on Ukraine. (OSV News photo/Nina Liashonok, Reuters)

WASHINGTON (OSV News) – The U.S. bishops urged Catholics to answer Pope Francis’ call for prayer for the people of Ukraine in their Lenten reflection as that nation fends off Russia’s invasion. In a Lenten reflection released by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops on March 3, Archbishop Timothy P. Broglio, president of the conference, wrote, “As we begin the holy Season of Lent, a time of prayer, penance, and charity, we join our Holy Father, Pope Francis, in his solidarity with the ‘martyred people of Ukraine.’” “We pray and hope that the United States, in concert with the wider international community, works with perseverance for a just peace and an end to aggression,” Archbishop Broglio wrote. “As our Holy Father reminded us in 2024, courageous negotiations require ‘boldness’ to ‘open the door’ for dialogue.” Although the reflection did not mention either event, it was published shortly after Ukraine marked the third anniversary of Russia’s invasion on Feb. 24, and days after a tense Oval Office meeting between Ukrainian President Voldymyr Zelenskyy and U.S. President Donald Trump and Vice President JD Vance about the future of U.S. aid in that conflict.

PHILADELPHIA (OSV News) – At the start of Catholic Relief Services’ 2025 Rice Bowl initiative – an annual Lenten program blending almsgiving, meal-making and prayer to provide aid to overseas and domestic aid – Rice Bowl founder Msgr. Robert Coll, a retired priest of the Diocese of Allentown, Pennsylvania, reflected on the program as it marks its 50th year. He described how the initiative, which he launched as an Allentown pastor in 1975, rose to the national level as part of the 41st International Eucharistic Congress in 1976 and severe global famine at the time. “If there were grave problems in the world, to ignore them would itself be unacceptable as a Catholic and as a Christian,” he said. Rice Bowl “mixed the physical with the spiritual,” he said, adding that “it was never intended to be a collection,” but “an informative experience for the family.” Amid the U.S. government’s current suspension of foreign aid, Msgr. Coll said Rice Bowl could be in “its strongest moment, because the more funds you receive from the people, the greater pressure you put on governments to assist in a variety of ways.”

VATICAN
ROME (CNS) – The journey of Lent “unfolds amid the remembrance of our fragility and the hope that, at the end of the road, the Risen Lord is waiting for us,” Pope Francis wrote in his homily for Ash Wednesday. “Indeed, the ashes help to remind us that our lives are fragile and insignificant: we are dust, from dust we were created, and to dust we shall return,” said the pope’s text. Although the 88-year-old pope was still in Rome’s Gemelli hospital March 5, the day Latin-rite Catholics received ashes and began their Lenten observances, the Vatican released what it said was the homily he prepared for the occasion. Cardinal Angelo De Donatis, who read Pope Francis’ homily prefaced the reading by saying, “We are deeply united” with Pope Francis, and “we thank him for offering his prayer and his sufferings for the good of the whole church and the entire world.”

VATICAN CITY (CNS) – Despite her distress at losing the 12-year-old Jesus, Mary’s search for her son is a model of every Christian’s journey to deepen their relationship with Christ, Pope Francis said in a prepared message. In the catechesis prepared for his general audience March 5, the pope reflected on the episode from St. Luke’s Gospel in which Mary and Joseph lose Jesus during a pilgrimage and search anxiously for him for three days before finding him in the Temple engaged in discussion with the elders. “Throughout this journey, the Virgin is a pilgrim of hope, in the strong sense that she becomes the ‘daughter of her son,’ the first of his disciples,” the pope’s text said, emphasizing that Mary, though chosen as the mother of God, had to undertake her own journey of faith. During the Holy Year 2025, Pope Francis’ general audience talks have been focusing on “Jesus Christ our hope,” starting with a look at the Bible stories of Jesus’ infancy and childhood. Pope Francis has been hospitalized for treatment of bilateral pneumonia since Feb. 14, but the Vatican has continued to publish the texts prepared for his general audience each Wednesday. The text for March 5 reflected on how Mary’s understanding of Jesus grew gradually, through moments of joy but also through hardship: She carried Jesus while pregnant to Bethlehem, fled with her family to Egypt to protect her son and ultimately stood by him at the foot of the cross.

WORLD
BRUSSELS (OSV News) – Catholic bishops in the European Union are calling for unity in support of Ukraine amid growing tensions between the U.S. and the war-torn country invaded by Russia Feb. 24, 2022. In a March 4 statement, the Commission of the Bishops’ Conferences of the European Union emphasized the importance of EU solidarity, stating that Ukraine’s fight for peace and territorial integrity is critical not only for the nation but for the future of Europe and the world. The statement comes after a tense Feb. 28 meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. EU leaders, however, rallied behind Zelenskyy during a London summit, where peace plans were discussed. COMECE reaffirmed its support for Ukraine, condemning Russia’s violation of international law and calling for accountability. The bishops emphasized the need for a peace agreement based on justice, international law and security guarantees, while urging EU membership for Ukraine. “As the contours of a new global security architecture are currently being redrawn, it is our profound hope that the European Union will remain faithful to its vocation to be a promise of peace and an anchor of stability to its neighborhood and to the world,” the bishops said.

WARSAW, Poland (OSV News) – Poland honors the “cursed soldiers” throughout March – a group of patriots who fought against communist rule after World War II, motivated by an unwavering faith in God. Following the war, Poland was under Soviet influence, and the communist government was imposed. The resistance continued with the soldiers of the wartime Polish Home Army, which rejected the Soviet-aligned regime and fought for Polish independence. These soldiers, guided by their Catholic faith, took military oaths to defend Poland to the death under the virtues of “God, honor and homeland,” and were participating in daily prayers and rituals. The clergy played a vital role, offering spiritual support and risking their lives to serve the underground fighters. One notable figure, Capt. Witold Pilecki, voluntarily entered Auschwitz to organize a resistance movement in the German death camp, later offering vital intelligence to the Allies. He was arrested by the communists, tortured, and executed in 1948. His last request to his wife was that she read “The Imitation of Christ” by Thomas á Kempis to their children after his death. The “cursed soldiers” are remembered each year on March 1, the National Day of Remembrance, which marks the death of the resistance’s leadership in 1951.

Church expresses solidarity with victims’ families, demands answers after Guatemala bus crash

By Eduardo Campos Lima

(OSV News) – A week after a horrendous bus crash killed at least 54 in Guatemala City Feb. 10, including children, a shocked nation and the church are demanding answers from the government on regulating the treacherous bus travel business in the country.

Pope Francis consoled the families of victims in a Feb. 14 telegram, sent the day he entered Rome’s Gemelli hospital for tests and bronchitis recovery.

Francis imparted a “heartfelt apostolic blessing” to the families mourning their loved ones and those awaiting news of those severely wounded and in the hospital.

A telegram sent by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Vatican’s secretary of state, to Archbishop Gonzalo de Villa Vásquez of Santiago de Guatemala, said that the Holy Father was “deeply saddened” by the “painful news” and prayed for those lost in the accident.

A drone view shows first responders working at the site of a deadly bus crash in Guatemala City, Guatemala, Feb. 10, 2025. In a Feb. 14 telegram, Pope Francis said he is “deeply saddened” by the bus crash in Guatemala, which left dozens dead. (OSV News photo/Josue Decavele, Reuters)

Catholics have been providing spiritual support to the families of the victims on several levels, with Guatemalan bishops participating in memorial Masses of those lost in the bus accident.

The bus picked up at least 70 passengers in Santo Domingo Los Ocotes, a town in El Progreso department, and was taking them to the capital, a route that shouldn’t take much more than one hour. The vehicle carried men, women and children. Some passengers worked in Guatemala City; others would frequently visit it to buy products to sell in their village.

“Those intercity buses are very common. They have spaces where people can put the merchandise they buy in the capital,” Father Rigoberto Pérez, a vicar in Guatemala City and a longtime communications officer in the Guatemalan church, told OSV News.

As the bus was arriving in the northern part of the capital, it crashed into other cars, broke through a guardrail and fell from a 115-feet-high bridge into a polluted stream.

“Most of them died instantly. Others were taken to the hospital, but died before getting there,” said Father Pérez, currently the communications head of the bishops’ conference of Latin America, known for its Spanish CELAM acronym. According to Guatemalan newspaper La Hora, two passengers remain at UCI beds.

The tragedy revealed the risks and disorganization that many Guatemalan workers face everyday, said Father Pérez. Ongoing investigations have already shown that the bus driver didn’t have a professional license and the vehicle was operating out of its authorized route.

“In many cases, bus owners fail to apply the necessary security measures. At the same time, there’s a lack of supervision on the authorities’ side,” Father Pérez argued.

The church immediately reacted to the news of the accident. Bishop José Benedicto Moscoso Miranda of Jalapa, which encompasses El Progreso, released a Feb. 10 letter of condolences to the families of the victims.

“I’m praying so God gives you comfort and I beg the whole Christian Catholic community to pray and express its solidarity,” Bishop Moscoso’s message read, followed by a message from the bishops Feb. 11.

According to Bishop Rodolfo Valenzuela Núñez of Verapaz, who is the president of the Guatemalan bishops’ conference, “the church, institutionally, helps those who suffer by adding to the voices of solidarity.”

It “has been offering prayers for the fatal victims and the families who are suffering such losses,” he told OSV News.

On the “grassroots level, the church formed by communities and neighbors of the victims’ families has been showing its proximity and help,” Bishop Valenzuela added.

Father Pérez said that several celebrations and prayer services were carried out in different dioceses and parishes in honor of the victims. At the Feb. 13 Mass at the Cathedral of Guatemala City, with President Bernardo Arévalo de Leon among the attendants, Pope Francis’ telegram sent Feb. 12 to the apostolic nuncio in the country was read.

The church has been demanding from the authorities that the public transportation system take adequate safety measures, Bishop Valenzuela told OSV News.

According to Father Pérez, the deeply rooted corruption in the Guatemalan state is the most basic reason for the lack of infrastructure and traffic safety — and many Catholics have been denouncing it.

“A real mob steals part of the national budget. That’s the problem,” he concluded.

(Eduardo Campos Lima writes for OSV News from São Paulo.)

Briefs

U.S. Sister Dorothy Stang, a member of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, is pictured in a 2004 file photo in Belém, Brazil. Feb. 12, 2025, was the 20th anniversary of the killing of Sister Dorothy, a citizen of Brazil and the United States, who spent nearly four decades defending the rights of poor settlers as well as working to save the rainforest from powerful ranchers bent on destroying it. (OSV News photo/Reuters)

NATION
WASHINGTON (OSV News) – Bishop Daniel E. Thomas of Toledo, Ohio, chairman of the U.S. bishops’ pro-life committee, used the U.S. bishops’ 2025 Lenten message to reach out to those affected by abortion. In his Feb. 19 message, Bishop Thomas assured individuals carrying the sadness and guilt of abortion that Jesus’ love is unconditional. He highlighted the meaning of Ash Wednesday, noting that the ashes remind people of their need for repentance and God’s love. Ash Wednesday this year is March 5 and marks the start of Lent in the Latin Church, the largest church in the global Catholic Church. Bishop Thomas invited those suffering from abortion to return to Jesus and the church, emphasizing the healing available through the sacrament of reconciliation. He also referenced Pope Francis’ message of hope and the importance of nonjudgmental support for those grieving. Bishop Thomas pointed to the church’s Project Rachel Ministry, offering compassionate help and resources in English and Spanish for healing. “This Lent, the Lord’s mercy awaits you,” he said. “Allow Him to heal you and lift your sadness into joy.”

WASHINGTON (OSV News) – The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced Feb. 19 it has started to send out guidance on “clear sex-based definitions” to government agencies, organizations and the public. The department said it is now implementing recent Trump administration executive orders on sex and gender. HHS stated in its announcement that its new guidance “recognizes there are only two sexes: male and female.” It also said the department would use these guiding definitions to “promote policies acknowledging that women are biologically female and men are biologically male.” HHS also stated it was taking steps to implement policies aimed at protecting minors from undergoing certain transgender medical and surgical interventions. Additionally it stated it would implement Trump’s executive order effectively barring biological males who identify as transgender from taking part in women’s and girl’s sports. Trump’s executive orders on sex and gender have been praised in statements issued by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops for “recognizing the truth about each human person as male or female.”

PENSACOLA, Fla. (OSV News) – The work of Catholic prison ministry has been mostly carried out quietly and long thought of as something only priests and religious do. This has meant that lay involvement “is almost nonexistent,” according to Karen Clifton, executive coordinator of the online-based Catholic Prison Ministries Coalition, or CMPC. A recent survey revealed many dioceses have prison ministries, but few know who’s involved. The survey came after Pope Francis asked his U.S. nuncio about the state of prison ministry in this country – following the pontiff’s 2015 visit to a Philadelphia-based correctional center. Clifton said the pope’s inquiry came as several Catholic prison ministry and advocacy groups banded together in search of national guidance, prompting the creation of CMPC in 2018, now made up of more than three dozen ministries across the country. The idea, said Clifton, is to have an active prison ministry in every diocese. Bishop William A. Wack of Pensacola-Tallahassee, CMPC’s episcopal adviser, emphasized the coalition’s role in providing training, support and advocacy for prison ministers, who often work in isolation.

VATICAN
ROME (CNS) – In 2021, a new species of screech owl was discovered deep in the Amazon rainforest, named “Megascops stangiae” in honor of Sister Dorothy Stang, a U.S.-born Catholic nun who was killed in 2005 for her work protecting the Amazon and its people. Sister Dorothy, known as a “Martyr of the Amazon,” advocated for peasant farmers and Indigenous people against illegal ranchers and loggers. On the 20th anniversary of the death of the 73-year-old nun, a relic containing blood-soaked soil from the site of her murder was enshrined at the Basilica of St. Bartholomew in Rome, marking her as the first American woman honored among the modern martyrs. Despite her death, Sister Dorothy’s legacy lives on, with her work inspiring continued resistance to land theft in the region. Sister Judith Clemens, a close friend and fellow Sister of Notre Dame de Namur, said Sister Dorothy’s faith and dedication to justice continue to inspire the fight for environmental and social justice.

WORLD
PYIN OO LWIN, Myanmar (OSV News) – Thousands gathered in Myanmar’s Pyin Oo Lwin to mourn Father Donald Martin Ye Naing Win, a priest found stabbed to death in what is believed to be a targeted attack. The funeral, presided over by Archbishop Marco Tin Win of Mandalay, called for an end to the ongoing civil war, urging all parties to seek peace and reconciliation. Myanmar has been embroiled in conflict since a 2021 military coup, with ongoing violence between the military junta and rebel groups. Father Win’s brutal murder occurred on Feb. 14 at Our Lady of Lourdes Church in Kan Gyi Taw. Rebel group People’s Defense Force is investigating the killing. Burmese Cardinal Charles Maung Bo expressed sorrow, urging justice and an end to the violence. Aid to the Church in Need’s Regina Lynch highlighted the immense risks faced by priests like Father Win, who continue to serve communities despite the dangers of the ongoing conflict. Burmese Cardinal Charles Maung Bo of Yangon, president of the bishops’ conference of Myanmar, also lamented Father Win’s death and prayed that through learning from the heartbreaking experiences the fraternal spirit be awakened. He lamented “the blood and sacrifices of countless innocent people,” – a heavy toll he hopes will serve as an offering to ending the violence tormenting Myanmar.

GUATEMALA CITY (OSV News) – A devastating bus crash in Guatemala City Feb. 10 claimed at least 54 lives, including children, sparking nationwide outrage and calls for reform in the country’s poorly regulated bus system. The bus, carrying around 70 passengers, crashed through a guardrail and plunged off a bridge, falling 115 feet into a stream below and killing most passengers. Investigations revealed the driver lacked a professional license, and the bus was operating off its authorized route. Pope Francis sent a message of condolence, offering prayers and an apostolic blessing to the victims’ families in a Feb. 14 telegram, sent the day he entered Rome’s Gemelli hospital for tests and bronchitis recovery. A telegram sent by Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Vatican’s secretary of state to Archbishop Gonzalo de Villa y Vásquez of Santiago de Guatemala, said that the Holy Father was “deeply saddened” by the “painful news” and prayed for those lost in the accident. Local bishops have been actively supporting the grieving families, celebrating memorial Masses and prayer services. The church is demanding stronger safety measures and accountability from the government, with some blaming systemic corruption for the lack of proper infrastructure and regulation. See full story here.