By Mark Pattison
WASHINGTON (CNS) – According to the Census Bureau’s new statistics, released Sept. 16, poverty in the United States is down, but only slightly.
The actual number of people living in poverty in 2013 is unchanged at 45.3 million, but because of continued population growth in the United States, the percentage of Americans living in poverty is down 0.5 percentage points, from 15.0 percent to 14.5 percent.
“We’d expect poverty to drop now that we’re in the fifth year of an economic recovery, right?” asked Gregory Acs, director of the Income and Benefits Policy Center at the Urban Institute, a Washington think tank.
Acs’ comment alludes to the intractability of poverty and the long, tough slog it is trying to get tens of millions out of poverty, given that 50 years ago, then-President Lyndon Johnson declared a “War on Poverty.”
While some skirmishes were won in that war – senior citizens, for instance, are far from the brink of economic disaster as they had been two generations ago – poverty persists across all demographic groups.
Even among non-Hispanic whites, the most affluent of demographic groups, the poverty rate is 9.6 percent.
Here’s a snapshot of some states and their struggles with poverty:
— In Texas, 4.5 million still live below the poverty line, although the poverty rate dropped to 17.5 percent, except in the Rio Grande Valley, where the rate is double that. In the valley, median family income is $33,219, or 64 percent that of the state median of $51,563. Hidalgo County set a new minimum wage for county workers of $10.10 an hour, but Hidalgo is just one of 254 counties in Texas.
— Tennessee’s poverty rate dipped from 17.9 percent to 17.8 percent, but that’s of little comfort to 1.1 million Tennesseans living below the poverty line. “No matter how you measure it, Tennessee remains in the bottom 10 percent of people making ends meet,” Linda O’Neal, executive director of the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth, told Public News Service. “More than one in four Tennessee children lives in a family experiencing economic stress.”
— In neighboring Kentucky, the poverty rate took a pronounced slide, from 19.4 percent to 18.8 percent. But while child poverty nationwide slid from 22 percent in 2012 to 20 percent last year, Kentucky’s child poverty rate is 25.3 percent. Some in Kentucky are pressing the state to OK a statewide earned income tax credit for its poor; the U.S. bishops have backed the EITC at the national level.
The Urban Institute’s Acs said the new poverty figures don’t take into account pre-tax cash income, food assistance and rental subsidies as well as tax-based assistance like EITC. An alternative Census Bureau poverty measure, called the Supplemental Poverty Measure, includes these types of assistance, but Acs said it doesn’t substantively change the poverty rate.
On the other hand, the federal poverty line remains unchanged — and probably unrealistic — at $23,550 for a family of four. That would mean living on $452.88 a week.
“While we can debate what kind of success the war on poverty has been, we haven’t eliminated poverty. We haven’t eliminated racial discrimination. We haven’t – we still have issues, I guess, to drop any pretense of eloquence,” Acs told Catholic News Service. “It’s useful to see where we are, where we’ve come from, and how we’ve changed. But if you looked through a more pessimistic lens, we haven’t made a lot of progress,” he added.
“One of the things that has probably worked against progress is the way the criminal justice system has differently impacted African-American families — the high levels of incarceration among less-educated African-American men,” Acs said.
“You can’t blithely say that ‘if we just don’t put people in jail things would be much better,’ because crime-ridden neighborhoods are a problem,” he continued, adding the question has to be asked whether “the types of crimes people were arrested for and jailed for long periods of time warrants the disruption the removal of large number of people from the economy, from their families.
“With a prison record, it’s much harder finding a job — not nearly as economically viable as it was before. … and probably contributes the seeming lack of progress.”
What would happen to poverty if the nation didn’t do anything to fight it? “The overall trend in the labor market, the effects of technology and globalization, an increase in inequality, stagnation of wages, more benefits accruing to capital than to labor, without active anti-poverty programs one could reasonably expect that poverty would have grown worse, Acs said. “The counter-argument is that people would have worked harder if they didn’t have the safety net.”
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